Grunion Under Moonshines- _$ \; D! p& I1 B X0 j$ `. a- U& L
一般來說，每年的三月到八月，從北邊摩洛灣一直往南到墨西哥的海灘，凡是沒有任何燈光的平坦沙灘，基本都是小銀魚的孵化場。
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$ V5 Z1 H. I+ p每月陰曆初二和十六的連續三天，也就是月圓的時候，海水漲潮就會將小銀魚帶上岸來產卵。% Y* C% p2 Y% w9 T6 u
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抓小銀魚是需要些技巧的，通常是幾尾公魚搶灘先探測環境，這時不可以有動靜或是有光、拍照等。若沙灘夠軟夠安靜，幾分鐘後大群雌魚就會陸續的登岸，然後將身體埋入沙中產卵，公魚同時以身體圍住母魚授精，在每個潮起浪落之時，沙灘上滿地晶亮的銀光就會形成南加暖暖的月色下最美麗的奇觀！8 S; C" j8 s0 j2 j0 f# G
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小銀魚是沒有牙齒的，是以吸取水中浮游生物為主食，滿一歲後就可以交配產卵。母魚每季可排卵多至六次，每次約有一千六百至三千六百個卵。
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雖然小銀魚在三月即開始登陸，但通常四月和五月要確保生態而禁捕小銀魚，從六月到八月中旬任何持有合法 Fishing License 執照的人（十六歲以下不需執照）可用手捉，不可以用任何工具撈捕或在沙灘上挖洞設陷圍捕。
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1 |* ^/ f |& B5 s有用的信息下載：
grunion12_sm.pdf
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! k6 ]) f- r/ [9 x/ i. W推薦海灘：
- `6 B8 @% m7 j TRedondo Beach: d, b; v* u) O; O! B
Cabrillo Beach, 3720 Stephen M. White Drive, San Pedro, CA 90731, 這裡由於有個水族館，所以可能還有人講解。。。" u1 M' s; U1 a% x
Manhattan Beach等等！/ [1 Z) B4 }, ` m' v$ X. @
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政府網站信息：- W" U: c$ E ~" ]/ t V% `
California Grunion Facts' |9 ?2 F7 I9 x8 o
The California grunion (Leuresthes tenuis) is a member of the New World silversides family, Atheriniopsidae, along with jacksmelt and topsmelt. Their usual range extends from Point Conception, California, to Point Abreojos, Baja California. Occasionally, they are found farther north, to Monterey Bay, California, and south to San Juanico Bay, Baja California. They inhabit the nearshore waters from the surf to a depth of 60 ft. Tagging studies indicate that they do not migrate.3 B* Y% K2 U% R# I0 a) a7 O: }1 ?
Grunion are the object of a unique recreational fishery. These fish are famous for their remarkable spawning behavior, which evokes an “I don’t believe it!” response from people seeing or hearing about it for the first time.
; x7 t8 Z# f; _ a' r( ~# \& XGrunion leave the water at night to spawn on beaches during the spring and summer months. For four consecutive nights, beginning on the nights of the full and new moons, spawning occurs after high tides and continues for several hours. As waves break on the beach, grunion swim as far up the slope as possible. The female arches her body and excavates the semi-fluid sand with her tail to create a nest. She twists her body and digs into the sand until she is half buried, with her head sticking up. She then deposits her eggs in the nest. Males curve around the female and release milt. The milt flows down the female's body until it reaches and fertilizes the eggs. As many as eight males may fertilize the eggs in a single nest. After spawning, the males immediately retreat toward the water while the female twists free and returns with the next wave. While spawning may only take 30 seconds, some fish remain stranded on the beach for several minutes.9 h9 g: i& |: h8 E7 N* s8 H- b
Spawning occurs from March through August, and occasionally in February and September. Peak spawning is late March to early June.* [# v' a& l/ @9 U- w6 v
Mature grunion may spawn during successive runs, with females spawning up to six times each season. Females lay between 1,600 and 3,600 eggs during one spawn, with larger females producing more eggs.6 g1 i6 k3 q- q% m2 K
Eggs are deposited during the highest tides of the month and incubate in the sand during the lower tides, when they will not be disturbed by wave action. The eggs are kept moist by residual water in the sand. They hatch about 10 days later, during the next high tide series, when they are inundated with sea water and agitated by rising surf.
( k& B: b& e- L" B9 EMost grunion seen on southern California beaches are between 5 and 6 in. long, with some are as long as 7 in. An average one-year old male is 4½ in. long while a female the same age is slightly larger at 5 in. Grunion mature and spawn at the end of the first year. At the end of two years, males average 5½ in. and females are around 5¾ in. long. By the end of three years, an average male is nearly 6 in. and a female is a little over 6¼ inches in length. Few live for more than three years.. G$ q+ Z* l; ~* A( R+ v( L
Grunion food habits are not well known. They have no teeth, so they are presumed to feed on very small organisms. Shore birds, isopods, flies, sand worms, and beetles eat grunion eggs, while humans, larger fish, and other animals prey upon grunion.' t3 R" M* M4 Z
Despite local concentrations, grunion are not abundant. The most critical problem facing the grunion resource is the loss of spawning habitat caused by beach erosion, harbor construction, and pollution. By the 1920s, the fishery was showing definite signs of depletion. A regulation was passed in 1927 establishing a closed season of three months, from April through June. The fishery improved, and in 1947 the closure was shortened to April through May. This closure is still in effect to protect grunion during their peak spawning period.0 n$ M# H- d- U5 R8 N* T; ~
During the open season, a fishing license is required for persons 16 years and older to capture grunion. Grunion may be taken by sport fishermen using hands only. No holes may be dug in the beach to entrap them. There is no bag limit, but fishermen may take only what they can use—it is unlawful to waste fish.
! [1 v/ V! l+ gUnder these regulations, the resource seems to be maintaining itself at a fairly constant level. While the population size is not known, all research points to a rather restricted resource that is appropriately harvested under existing law.
4 M4 q( M. k% e/ U) z# D% J) ZWhile grunion spawn on many beaches in southern California, the Department of Fish and Game does not recommend any particular beach because of changing safety conditions and local curfews. One of the best ways to find out which beaches have had recent runs is to call the state and county beach lifeguards who can often tell if spawning has taken place. There is a grunion program offered to the public at Cabrillo Beach in San Pedro on several nights of the season. Call (310) 548-7562 for details.
8 x B" R1 j8 u, E& E1 o: mAdditional grunion information and volunteer programs may be found at: www.grunion.org.
. n- u7 S3 W; Q- wExpected Grunion Runs for 2012
/ c' S/ p6 S9 ?8 a' ?9 m| Open Season | | March | 8- Y6 f: B: e/ P
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10: ~7 Q% d+ ` n# {1 q5 i- H
11% T7 S9 W9 z2 `4 _/ j2 x- ^
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22
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24
1 a9 ?) {6 b2 T% ]. }25 | Th 9:20 p.m. - 11:20 p.m.
% a3 l' R& z7 u: |Fr 9:55 p.m. - 11:55 p.m./ Y, U- A& c7 b3 \5 J6 A
Sa 10:30 p.m. - 12:30 a.m.3 g0 b% M* G. p
Su 12:15 a.m. - 2:15 a.m.*
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Th 10:05 p.m. - 12:05 a.m.
. i/ L* j5 U. W# ?Fr 10:30 p.m. - 12:30 a.m.1 L+ i, \) g8 C( K6 ^2 R- z
Sa 10:55 p.m. - 12:55 a.m.
& W5 n' G* D% Y4 x+ t4 iSu 11:20 p.m. - 1:20 a.m. | | June | 4
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" w, H0 e- _6 | E3 c19
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22 | Mo 9:40 p.m. - 11:40 p.m.! z3 u+ _. Z9 T7 S* j1 p. n% _
Tu 10:30 p.m. - 12:30 a.m.' G0 w) T \: l# r8 w
We 11:15 p.m. - 1:15 a.m.& M [& ]# j; q2 f: `8 D; |9 B
Th 12:05 a.m. - 2:05 a.m.*
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% ^% E0 W' i& m3 T) P' y% }" L3 }Tu 9:35 p.m. - 11:35 p.m.) x5 U5 H9 j {* z* U+ [
We 10:10 p.m. - 12:10 a.m.
3 z$ G/ a6 g# M r; v# TTh 10:50 p.m. - 12:50 a.m.
! H" c6 ?' |. C4 M' |, uFr 11:30 p.m. - 1:30 a.m. | | July | 4
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18
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21 | We 10:25 p.m. - 12:25 a.m./ a e. T9 m) s7 r3 v
Th 11:10 p.m. - 1:10 a.m.% ?+ f6 L7 ]3 P' U, U8 |
Fr 11:55 p.m. - 1:55 a.m.: T' k# _' y3 S( M' I( T
Sa 12:35 a.m. - 2:35 a.m.*
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0 X+ e' @ F6 g3 U5 w/ vWe 9:20 p.m. - 11:20 p.m.
) G2 g: I$ r) k( j, j$ \Th 9:55 p.m. - 11:55 p.m.. H; s( M, w9 k8 _% M! H
Fr 10:35 p.m. - 12:35 a.m.9 O. |: Z& b* y( u' [0 u- g
Sa 11:10 p.m. - 1:10 a.m. | | August | 1
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3
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. Y5 d& d! V' v3 e2 Z19 | We 9:20 p.m. - 11:20 p.m.; U& d$ c' y5 N* n' I
Th 10:05 p.m. - 12:05 a.m.
: [3 x- Y3 d3 a: EFr 10:45 p.m. - 12:45 a.m.: N! R5 n+ F; J6 o: u$ ^
Sa 11:25 p.m. - 1:25 a.m.
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: D# M9 l( j7 A$ I/ i& ZFr 9:40 p.m. - 11:40 p.m. \. C) [0 g6 }6 N( n
Sa 10:20 p.m. - 12:20 a.m.8 b8 \) i, ^' `8 p+ a, x& v
Su 11:05 p.m. - 1:05 a.m. |
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| Closed Season (Observation Only)[/td] | | April | 7! [! H5 i% m5 H
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10
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25 | Sa 10:20 p.m. - 12:20 a.m.
$ q @' I* q* ?6 ^: l% C) hSu 11:00 p.m. - 1:00 a.m.! ~5 Q+ G+ b& F; }$ |8 `# O
Mo 11:50 p.m. - 1:50 a.m.
' i& w$ ]& Q( w. u7 u; fTu 12:40 a.m. - 2:40 a.m.*
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Su 10:15 p.m. - 12:15 a.m.
2 o, W3 y) E6 A5 CMo 10:45 p.m. - 12:45 a.m.
% j, P: J9 p J& l1 VTu 11:15 p.m. - 1:15 a.m.& e( z& W0 i* G1 W' t: G- R
We 11:50 p.m. - 1:50 a.m. | | May | 5
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21
' F9 Y' |) e2 D. y. p+ H22
/ u: {. E* ]& o- ^) L* w" D5 A23 | Sa 9:15 p.m. - 11:15 p.m.
5 j# G% p" U: ^" w. P TSu 9:55 p.m. - 11:55 p.m.
9 B2 v) m# k( r p% uMo 10:40 p.m. - 12:40 a.m.
+ _6 q8 Y8 B- d- v9 ?Tu 11:30 p.m. - 1:30 a.m.6 u6 ]' s6 G8 q( b* b. e
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Su 9:20 p.m. - 11:20 p.m.
. s2 Y, X1 _7 k: B! u( SMo 9:50 p.m. - 11:50 p.m.
, a; r* D0 O$ g8 pTu 10:25 p.m. - 12:25 a.m.
1 S: w5 j5 E7 m- X! \' e% BWe 10:55 p.m. - 12:55 a.m. |
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Note: The times given for each date reflect the probable two-hour interval during which a spawning run may occur. The second hour is usually better. The best runs normally occur on the second and third nights of the four-night period. The times refer to the grunion runs at Cabrillo Beach near the Los Angeles Harbor entrance. The timing of the runs varies at different places along the coast. San Diego runs occur about 5 minutes earlier and Santa Barbara runs occur about 25 minutes later than the times provided here.
( M7 ?* @* ~! l/ d H; c. x& V1 HTimes through March 10 are Pacific Standard Time. Thereafter, times are Pacific Daylight Saving Time.
$ e) e2 d" @# d/ aREMINDER: During the open season, a fishing license is required for persons 16 years and older. Grunion may be taken by hand only. No holes may be dug in the beach to entrap them. There is no bag limit, but take only what you can use - it is unlawful and unethical to waste fish.
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* Where the predicted run starts after midnight, the date of the previous evening is shown.
0 m: D7 @+ X& v3 \3 E. Y7 m( C. ZFor a current schedule, send a self addressed stamped envelope to:
% @, V* ]# e. F$ l+ TGRUNION
3 P2 s* T- S+ I0 ?2 x3 @3 lCalifornia Department of Fish and Game& A0 d. w- }9 @
Marine Region
8 @' ?1 k2 c4 b6 m3 Z2 }4665 Lampson Ave. Suite C
[& g* \% w6 m7 |1 c& `$ T% [Los Alamitos, CA 90720 |
发表于 7-21-2012 22:58:48
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